An Analysis of the Arab League Essay - 2928 Words

The Arab League: What Could Have Been But Never Was Introduction In an increasingly globalizing world, many problems that face humanity are of global concern and as such, require international co-operation in order to effectively combat issues such as terrorism and nuclear disarmament (Karns Mingst. 2010). As a result, a rising need for global governance has emerged in the realm of international relations and policy as states search for ways in which they can manage their affairs (Karns Mingst. 2010).. This has prompted many international and transnational organizations to be formed by both governments and private individuals in which, individuals from all around the globe may gather and deal with the various issues and problems†¦show more content†¦2010). This, combined with the anarchic realm which is the international system, will lead to norms and international law having minimal effect on the system and restraint of states (Karns Mingst. 2010). Realists view international organizations, as being able to increase or decrease state power but not alter the power structure between states (Karns Mingst. 2010). They argue that it is only a reflection of the power distribution amongst states and will never actually change or affect the inherent anarchical nature of the system and the self-interested nature of states and that states will also abandon co-operation if it will serve them more (Karns Mingst. 2010). . These two theories will be the standards which the Arab Lea gue will be compared too as we shall explore the structural implications, history and policies of the organization and the extent to which they conform with Realist and Liberal assumptions on the effectiveness and relevance of international organizations in international relations. History of the Arab League Egypt, Jordon, Iraq, Syria, Saudi-Arabia and Lebanon formed the Arab League in March 1945. Yemen later joined the league in the following May of that year (Owen, 2004). The League was originally a British idea, which sought to protect their interests within the region during the Second World War, in anShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Arab-Israel Conflict1207 Words   |  5 PagesIsrael and the Arab nations have been conflicting with each other for decades and the violence seem to not stop. Why do these nations conflict with each other in this desert environment? This question would be answer and explained in this paper. The analysis will also show how it was seen from the world and how it influence other nations, including the super powers, during the Cold War Era. There was a rise in Zionism in the area of Palestine and abroad from Jewish who wanted a state. Zionism isRead MoreThe Current Political Climate Between Egypt And Israel Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pageshappened to bring the countries of Egypt and Israel, their leaders, and their peoples, from searing hot conflicts to a cooling smolder, which to this day continues to temper. A short list of influences can be traced from the violent outbreak of the Arab-Israeli war to the Yom Kippur War, to peace accords at Camp David and a subsequent treaty, and finally, to the recent reinstatements of ambassadors for both countries. The cooling process of an Egyptian-Israeli relationship has not been linear, asRead MoreHow Significant Was The Involvement Of The League Of Nations Essay2189 Words   |  9 Pagesquestion â€Å"How significant was the involvement of the League of Nations/United Nations and Britain in the development of the Arab-Israeli conflict?† The time period before and after the Arab-Israeli conflict will be the focus of this investigation. This question was intriguing due to the possibility of the League of Nations causing tension rather than promoting peace. In order to explore the effect the League of Nations/United Nations had on the Arab-Israeli conflict, both primary and secondary sourcesRead MoreSouth Africas Policy on the Syria2500 Words   |  10 PagesMiddle East Region 2 Problem Statement 3 Objectives 3 Options 4 Sanctions 4 Military Intervention 5 Support the Actions of the Arab League of Nations 5 Analysis of Options 5 Sanctions 5 Military Intervention 6 Support the Actions of the Arab League of Nations 6 Recommendation 7 Conclusion 7 Bibliography 9 Introduction The wave of Arab unrest that began during the Tunisian Revolution reached Syria in Mid March 2011. Currently, the political, socio-economic and humanitarianRead MoreThe Dubai International Financial Centre1526 Words   |  7 Pagesis to illustrate the crucial role the Dubai International Financial Centre has embraced as â€Å"host jurisdiction† in relation to the recognition and the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the United Arab Emirates. Part 1 provides a general overview on the UAE legal setting and a brief analysis of how arbitration fits in such a framework. The following section deals with the complexities and the issues that parties have been encountering when seeking enforcement of foreign awards before UAE courtsRead More Comparative analysis of the rise of religious extremism in Arab and Indian Politics871 Words   |  4 PagesComparative analysis of the rise of religious extremism in Arab and Indian Politics The cases being discussed by the authors here are more significant than the discussion of any other Muslim or Hindu nation because of the fact that these cases discuss the role of these religions in their respective birthplaces. We can realize the importance of this point by considering, for example that the Islamic countries worldwide look towards the Arabic ulemas for validation of their Islamic policies andRead MoreJunction 48 Reflection Paper1393 Words   |  6 PagesIsraeli and American filmmaker. This film describes young Israeli Arab musicians’ struggle against oppression from Israeli authority and nationalists and problems within Palestinian communities such as drug deals and honor crimes. The leading actor is Tamer Nafer, a Palestinian rapper born in a mixed Jewish-Arab city, Lod, which is also the setting of the film. His songs with lyrics depicting the harsh reality of Israeli Arabs play an important role in this story. Summary of the BackgroundRead MoreThe Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional Center For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency1525 Words   |  7 Pagesenergy and energy efficiency is an inde-pendent, intergovernmental and not for profit organization that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member states are Arab countries and it aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the member states countries and the whole Arab region. It collaborates –on regional basis- with decision makers, NGOs, governments, international organizations, private businesses etc. trying to achieve its regional goalsRead MoreThe Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional Center For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency1529 Words   |  7 Pagesan inde-pendent, intergovernmental regional policy think tank and not for profit organization that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member states are Arab countries and it aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the member states countries and the whole Arab region. It col-laborates –on regional basis- with decision makers, NGOs, governments, international organizations, private businesses etc. trying to achieve its regional goalsRead MoreAnalysis Of Street Art Of Israel And Palestine1370 Words   |  6 Pagesexplained by Dunbar’s Number, but these can be broken down through the empathising effect of art, which is important because these divisions have very real consequences in the physical world, the Arab-Israeli conflict, per se. The second Intifada, September 2000 – February 2005, was a period during the Arab-Israeli conflict marked by growing animosity. Frustration from the Palestinian side spilled over due to the stagnation of peace efforts during the Oslo negotiations and, in light of the increasing

Effects Of Child Abuse And Neglect Essay - 2031 Words

Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect This newspaper article deals with the National Academy of Science reporting the effects of abuse to a child. When a child is abused by a parent, there may be bruising, and or some form of injury inflicted upon the youth. The reporter stated if these injuries are left untreated, there could be lifelong disadvantages the child may go through. The child can be physically or mentally disabled, because of the victimization by their parents or caregiver. The impact this article had on me was on the pain and trauma the children who are abused go through after being abused by their parent and or caregiver. When a child is diagnosed with being physically abused, treatment should be the first priority when helping the individual. The words used throughout the article were untreated, child abuse and neglect, immediate, priority, and effects are some of the few words to describe this article. Stating from what was said in the article, â€Å"Untreated, the effects of child abuse and neglect, the researchers found, can profoundly influence victims’ physical and mental health. The researchers recommended an â€Å"immediate, coordinated† national strategy to better understand, treatment and prevent child abuse and neglect† (Schulte, 2013). These statements, and various other went into detail on how abused left untreated can be a detriment to the child and society as well. The views the reporter had on the people involved it felt the individual was very interestedShow MoreRelated Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect Essay examples1386 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children(Child Abuse Statistics Facts). Child abuse doesn’t necessarily have to be physical, it can be mental, emotional, or sexual, it can even be neglect. Abuse doesn’t only effect the child being abused but it also affects the people witnessing the abuse. Child abuse can affect the child in many different ways. There can be many effects of abuse on the child (Kraizer). The worst way the child can be affectedRead MoreEssay on The Negative Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect2176 Words   |  9 Pagessorts of perverted acts, and they are locked in closets or tied to bed posts for days on end (Koster and Swisher). In the year of 2012, more than four children a day were killed due to child abuse, and the number seems to be steadily rising (Child Abuse Statistics Facts). Child abuse is a horrible crime that harms many of the children in today’s society. One problem with this crime is that it is a silent crime, one that most often happens in the privacy of a family’s home. It is sadRead MoreChild Abuse And Neglect Have A Tremendous Effect On Children2984 Words   |  12 PagesChild Abuse Liberty University Psychology 317 Angelia Anderson Abstract Child abuse and neglect have a tremendous effect on children. Abuse and neglect cause physical, emotional, social, and psychological harm to children that can last a lifetime. In this paper I will explain the different kinds of child abuse and neglect and the effects that they have on children, leaving children and families in crisis situations. According to the National Center on ChildRead MoreThe Effects Of Child Abuse And Neglect Affect A Child s Growth And Development1807 Words   |  8 PagesMy research question was â€Å"How might the impact of child abuse and neglect affect a child’s growth and development?† †¢ Act of child abuse and neglect results in a child’s harms, including physical, emotional, exploitation or death (S6) †¢ Children are some of the most vulnerable members of our society, because of dependence on others to get their needs met (S6) †¢ Child abuse and neglect is one of Australia’s biggest and most misunderstood social problems. Despite being under-reported, AustralianRead MoreHistory of Child Abuse1113 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of child abuse BSHS/408 February 15 2016 Chiffone N Shelton Abstract In order to discuss child abuse and neglect it is important to have a clear understanding of what child abuse and neglect is and the different form of child abuse. How the various types of child abuse and neglect are different from one another, ill-treatment of children comes in many forms, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional ill-treatment, and child neglect. Child neglect comes in many forms and occurs whenRead MoreAbuse993 Words   |  4 PagesChild Neglect 1 Running Head: CHILD NEGLECT Child Neglect Sahar Taki American University of Culture and Education Eng 260 Child Neglect 2 Abstract Study results found evidence that the apparent negative effects of maltreatment on children’s tendency to engage in crime were real. Being maltreated was found to almost double the probability of engaging in many types of crime and the effects were worst for children. Sexual abuse appeared to have the largest effects on crimeRead MoreThe Connection between Child Abuse and Crime Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, child abuse and neglect affect more than one million children nation-wide (Currie and Tekin 1). Along with this, child abuse is the source of severe injury to more than 500,000 children and the death of over 1,500 children (Currie and Tekin 1). These outrageously large numbers reveal the extent to which child abuse and neglect impact society; however, they do not acknowledge the effect abuse can have on a child’s life and the repercussions that may occur in both the individual’s childhoodRead More Child Abuse and Neglect Essay1139 Words   |   5 PagesChild Abuse is a very serious issue all throughout the world, in all different countries, cultures, and communities. The four main types of abuse are emotional abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse, and although emotional abuse and neglect are often overlooked, each has just as severe effects on children as sexual and physical abuse (Saisan et al.). The many causes of all kinds of the abuse of children have devastating effects on the child’s life presently and later on in life. ThereRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Child Maltreatment On Adult Survivors898 Words   |  4 PagesLONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CHILD MALTREATMENT ON ADULT SURVIVORS Child maltreatment is a term that covers a broad spectrum of child mistreatment including, child abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional) and child neglect (emotional and physical). Long term effects of child maltreat vary depending on the severity of the abuse or neglect and the length of time that the child is exposed to the abuse (i.e. if it is a onetime event or ongoing chronic exposure). As Greeson, et al. (2011), points out, child maltreatmentRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Common And Sad Fate For Many Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesChild abuse is a common and sad fate for many children today, statistics show that more than four children die every day because of child abuse. Abused children not only experience the effects of the abuse in childhood, but in adulthood as well. There are ways to detect child abuse and how you can help these children. ChildHelp.org stated that â€Å"Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States.† Child abuse is a terrible epidemic that needs to be put to an end

Critically Analysis Organizational Change Management

Question: Discuss about the Critically Analysis Organizational Change Management. Answer: Introduction The process of organizational change management is an approach that is used in the transition of individuals or organizations. Such transformations have been done through various ways that are directed towards resource utilization, operational modes, allocation of budget or a process that is significant in the company. The OCM principles work as a tool towards reshaping the institution (Steiber Alange, 2015). Regarding Perfect Component, the OCM is focused on the manner in which individuals and their staff teams in Australia, India, and New Zealand are affected by the transition. Further, the process factors in the various subject that range from social standards and behaviors to business and technological advances. About the case study, CM refers to a process of directing changes in a project where they had formally been operational. Background Information During the past, most of the change management models and processes were made because of grief studies. Such considerations were permitted due to health matters arising from job losses amongst employees, which were attributed by emotions. Diffusion of Innovation explains that change has implications to the affected and should be understood in time and communication context. Perfect Component has not been left out in the response as it continuously reports stiff competition due to innovative change from the low-cost countries that manufacture cars. For instance, India has several of such that makes it harder to survive the change programs. Analysis of Organizational Change Management Currently, various organizations are necessitated to adhere to change to survive in their operations, Perfect Components inclusive. Such moves are very critical in ensuring that there is a positive response to the dynamic world full of both modern and new technologies that have to be adopted either internally or externally. Therefore, it is an inevitable process in the development if an organization. Identification of Problems Change management is particularly faced with major problems that revolve around the integration of organization's developments, navigation of the same as well as human factors that contribute to the OCM (Vandaerhaeghen et al., 2010). Such factors will be challenging in the adaptation to the newly expanded market in Australia and sudden closure of the company in India. Integration of Organizations Developments: In the past, Perfect components departments did incorporate the significance of infrastructure development and ability to change the programs via technology. Such weaknesses have been exploited by competitors in India that is amounting to their failure in the region. Currently, the stakeholders and leaders are directly focusing on technical and structural aspects of such changes. Therefore, it calls for a collaboration of skills to curb the alignment that exists between individuals of various skills to do away with technicalities that might arise. Navigation: The process of managing the changes over time is hectic and needs adaptation to the program to fit in the system. Perfect Components was unable to adapt to the increasingly changing situations in India despite the rise of other upcoming manufacturing companies in the market. However, the contrary happened in Australia where there were laid principles that were executed that were in provision from market availability to organizational conditions. Such challenge called for flexibility in structures and empowerment of employee to achieve an equilibrium between high-end management and low-end in the organization. Human Factors: Individuals' tendencies to oppose inertia are a major attribute to the problems of OCM. Such habits are mostly due to the fear of the unknown where they found it uncomfortable to shift but relaxed in their current situation. Also, this kind of notion can be difficult to under look, since people find it easy always to do things the way they have always been done. For instance, in India, Perfect Component has experienced decreasing fortunes through the top managers do not consider themselves as a part of the problem because they have downplayed on interpersonal relationships. Analysis and Justification The process of expanding production at the main site in Blois to increase capacity, the decision of stopping the manufacture of some of the components and the shutdown of the Indian company is most likely to challenge management. Application of the changes demands time, energy and resource utilization from Perfect Component to realize the intended goals. As well there are secondary costs that will be incurred by the expanded company such as consultations, general expenditure, holding events, reinforcements, and recognitions. Change management is of value due to increase in value at implementation, for example, economies of scale (Kraus, Pohjola, Koponen, 2011). Benefit realization assurance: Considering the results achieved by the people adopting or utilizing the change, Perfect Component gives a structured approach that enables and motivates individual transition for a project by using new technologies, processes, and behaviors. However, whenever a person decides not to pick up the changes, then change won't occur and benefits will not be achieved, which is the sole reality for the intended dismiss of the Indian company. Likelihood of success: With a more efficient strategy the chances of attaining the company's objectives are high, and this will impact on the budget increasing considerably especially in the Australian market. However, if a distinctive correlation exists between change management and achieving the objectives then company struggles for survival. For instance, Indian markets where technological advances have not been initiated Perfect Components is on the losing end. People's side factor defining return on investment (ROI): At any particular time a change impacts on how employees carry out their activities the ROI is also affected. Change management model identifies the affected as the rate of adoption, utilization capacity, and proficiency. If individuals mismanage the return in investment and people are slow to make changes. Contrarily, proper change management leads to a quicker adoption, high utilization of resources that will push the ROI even much higher that is likely to happen to the company in Blois. Such processes can be managed through the creation of succinct models for inter-organizational changes (Steiber Alange, 2015). Costs of implementation of changes: Aspects of ignoring change and addressing later is a costly affair, the aftermath is non-rewarding, wasteful, and even discouraging because the teams take up the costs as budgets and schedules are delayed too. Such a move has facilitated the pending closure of Indian company. On the other hand, appropriate management and technological advances by Perfect Components in Australia eliminates the additional workload of redesigning, rescheduling, re-evaluating, and revisiting, thus the task is up fronted. Avoiding costs and minimizing risks: Improper management from India's side puts more costs and risks at both project and organizational level that leads to delays, budget overruns, the face of active resistance and inadequate resources. Similarly, the company is also on the side of losing valued employees and morale with stress-like factors setting in from the intended closure. However, strategically adopting change and expanding production in Australia becomes an important tool for cost avoidance and risk minimization. The advancement of new technologies has significantly motivated the new changes due to external innovations and not internal growth (Loignon, Myers, Rogelberg, 2013). As the developments take place, those companies that adapt fast create a competitive atmosphere for the rest who are lagging behind. Such moves lead to maximum profits on the favorable side, and losses on the other depending on the cost of implementation. Moreover, these changes affect all employees and departmental, such that they must be handled properly so as not to affect staff morale negatively. Alternative Solutions to Problems in the Perfect Component Considering organizational change as a subject in Perfect Components, it should start with a critical and systematic diagnosis of the situation now to determine the actual need and ability for change to occur (Fink et al., 2014). Such considerations should include all the companies specified objectives and approaches, to avoid the risk of termination. Also, the system should have creative marketing to facilitate effective communication and proper understanding among the audience to enjoy economies of scale in expanded markets. Consequently, transformational projects, integrating team and employee management training should be preceding the plan to avoid losses and reduce risks (Bodenstaff et. al., 2010). Therefore, it will call for performance metric and the necessity for change to come up with appropriate strategies to drive solutions in the companies (Fink et al., 2014). Currently, with the high rates of globalization and technological innovations in business environments, change management in organizations is considered ideal (Picot Baumann, 2008). Such advances must be adopted by Perfect Components to increase knowledge accountability and thrive in the markets. As the global markets get more heated up, companies are obliged to take more changes to be able to adapt to the increasing competition at work and intentionally close unproductive firms. Despite the radical change, Indian component was slow to drop their past habits in the current atmosphere that necessitated the termination. On the other hand, the skilled and valued employees from the company should be retained in the expanded markets to avoid loss and inefficiency through networking (Loukis et. at., 2015). Recommendation I recommend that Perfect Components should carry out proper models of change management with a structured approach to over challenges that are cost-ineffective. Such investigations are essential to the deeper understanding of the strategies to adopt, and possibly coming up with better alternatives to companies. Consequently, the Indian company is deemed necessary for closure. In addition, such efforts will be necessary for evaluation of success or failure patterns in the expanded production. However, success at the main company at Blois is most likely to occur if the stakeholders' aims are quantifiable, the risks, and cost related issues should also be monitored through a multidimensional leadership perspective (Van Gils et. al., 2015). Besides having an effective training for upgrading, there should be an effected communication on the reasons for the change. The leaders should also ensure that they counter any form of resistance from the employees and monitor the implementation proc ess. Implementation The companys expansion at Blois and closure process in India requires following activities that must be applied for it to take place and meet the targeted outcomes. Such steps of implementation occur in three major phases; preparation, management, and reinforcement of the change. The procedures are discussed below: Planning and Assess the Readiness in Australia and India Assessing is a tool utilized by the Perfect Components management board to see how ready they are to be subjected to the intended change. Such a move will involve assessment of the organization, its employees, their history and culture, the change subject and stakeholders opinions. Particularly, this is essential in giving insight to the possible challenges to be encountered (Wernz, 2013). Further, the shift management group should evaluate their strength to enable them to perceive the process. The assumption of most managers finishing their job after passing out a directive to the employees should be avoided, because they might not hear nor understand the information. During communication, the message should be repeated to stick in the employees' minds. For instance, creating awareness is a critical step in managing change by tabling out the reasons and risks to avoid frustrations amongst the workers and their customers. An effective plan for communication starts by keen evaluation of the audience, message, and proper timing and should cover the requirements of the workers. On the other side, every audience has the demands for the information passed due to their contribution on the implementation step. Provision of Sponsorships For the duration of change, top leaders perform the sponsor roles that require conducting activities and carrying out the plans. According to the survey, aid is vital to the success of change and should not be mistaken with support both to the employees and to potential clients. Such act includes active participation from business leaders all through the modification period, forming coalition amongst leaders and direct communication with the leaders (Bhansing, Leenders, Wijnberg, 2015). Therefore, the provision will facilitate better performances. Conducting Change Management Training in the Expanded Company Because the top leader has got the highest influences on employees attitude to change they need to be guided on how to the process. However, they may pose as the hardest team to oppose the change. Therefore, personal management can be employed to help managers through the process to facilitate proper guidance and training on OCM. More so, training provides a basis for knowledge creation and future success and should be conducted at an appropriate time to ensure timely implications on change. Managing Resistance to Change in all Companies Resistant managers and employees are standard as they conform to the laws of motion, but can be addressed proactively unless there is persistent rebellion. Such strong oppose can be a threat to change, however, the management team should identify, understand and assist their managers in order to overcome economic challenges (Hornsby et al., 2013; Sekerka, Comer, Godwin, 2013). Considering the Employee's Feedback and Employing a Corrective Action The involvement of an employee is an integral part of change management since the managers can't do it on their own. Considering the response from an employee is ethical and necessary for the process because it enables the leaders to analyze and appropriately implement corrective actions to fully adopt the structured changes (Sekerka, Comer, Godwin, 2013). In addition, it is vital when the expanded production concentrates in different lines. Recognizing Success and Reinforcing Change Adoptions of the change, considerations of success, and the long termed efforts should be celebrated. Such moves are equally important Perfect Components to recognize and implement the changes, develop effective quality management framework, and capitalize on knowledge and character of employees (Yu Zhou, 2015; Schniederjans, 2015). Meanwhile, continuous adoption should be closely checked to avoid slipping back into past modalities of work. Thus this is the last step of implementation and should be followed by an after project review aimed at evaluating the success and failures for entire program as well as identification of the changes for another case study. Conclusion In conclusion, organizational change management is a continuous improvement in Perfect Components companies irrespective of locations to achieve. Such considerations have led to the expansion of production and closure of the unproductive company. Moreover, the approach comprises of programs that used to reach the process. Therefore, for good leaders, the areas are applied effectively to realize success, avoid loss of essential employees, customers and teams while reducing the negated implications on productivity, as per the case of Perfect Components. References Bhansing, P. V., Leenders, M. A. A. M., Wijnberg, N. M. (2015). Selection system orientations as an explanation for the differences between dual leaders of the same organization in their perception of organizational performance. Journal of Management Governance.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-015-9330-4 Bodenstaff, L., Wombacher, A., Reichert, M., Wieringa, R. (2010). MaDe4IC: An abstract method for managing model dependencies in inter-organizational cooperations. Service Oriented Computing and Applications, 4(3), 203228.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11761-010-0062-7 Fink, M., Frank, H., Gundolf, K., Kailer, N. (2014). Management of qualitative change in small and medium-sized enterprises: A kaleidoscope of theoretical and empirical research. Review of Managerial Science, 9(2), 219224.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-014-0153-5 Hornsby, J., Pea-Legazkue, I., Guerrero, M. (2013). Guest editorial: The role of corporate entrepreneurship in the current organizational and economic landscape. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 295305.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0255-6 Kraus, S., Pohjola, M., Koponen, A. (2011). Innovation in family firms: An empirical analysis linking organizational and managerial innovation to corporate success. Review of Managerial Science, 6(3), 265286.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-011-0065-6 Loignon, A. C., Myers, H., Rogelberg, S. G. (2013). Looking back and glimpsing forward: Publication topics in IndustrialOrganizational psychology and organizational behavior. Global Business Perspectives, 1(3), 181197.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40196-013-0017-4 Loukis, E., Janssen, M., Dawes, S., Zheng, L. (2015). Evolving ICT and governance in organizational networks - conceptual and theoretical foundations. Electronic Markets, 26(1), 714.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-015-0210-1 Myers, K. K., Sadaghiani, K. (2010). Millennials in the workplace: A communication perspective on Millennials organizational relationships and performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 225238.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9172-7 Picot, A., Baumann, O. (2008). The relevance of organization theory to the field of business and information systems engineering. Business Information Systems Engineering, 1(1), 6269.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-008-0027-y Schniederjans, D., Schniederjans, M. (2015). Quality management and innovation: New insights on a structural contingency framework. International Journal of Quality Innovation, 1(1).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40887-015-0004-8 Sekerka, L. E., Comer, D. R., Godwin, L. N. (2013). Positive organizational ethics: Cultivating and sustaining moral performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(4), 435444.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1911-z Steiber, A., Alnge, S. (2015). Organizational innovation: A comprehensive model for catalyzing organizational development and change in a rapidly changing world. Triple Helix, 2(1).https://doi.org/10.1186/s40604-015-0021-6 Van Gils, S., Hogg, M. A., Van Quaquebeke, N., van Knippenberg, D. (2015). When organizational identification elicits moral decision-making: A matter of the right climate. Journal of Business Ethics.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2784-0 Vanderhaeghen, D., Fettke, P., Loos, P. (2010). Organizational and technological options for business process management from the perspective of web 2.0. Business Information Systems Engineering, 2(1), 1528.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-009-0087-7 Wernz, C. (2013). Multi-time-scale Markov decision processes for organizational decision-making. EURO Journal on Decision Processes, 1(3-4), 299324.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40070-013-0020-7 Yu, D., Zhou, R. (2015). Intellectual management: An integrative theory. Journal of the Knowledge Economy.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0305-0

Development Ethnic Minority Small Businesses †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Development Ethnic Minority Small Businesses. Answer: Introduction: An organizations culture and the values it is founded on are the only actual identifiers. Everything else could be imitated, but the only true distinctive identifiers are the norms and values of the company. The present paper aims to identify the underpinning values of Frankton Fresh company and how these are translated into its policies and processes (Prowle, Kalar Barrow, 2016). Frankton Fresh is a medium sized grocery business which stocks and sells a broad range of fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products, milkshakes, real fruit ice cream and other groceries. The ensuing paragraphs also carry a reflection on what was learnt from undertaking this assignment. The core value on which Frankton Freshs foundation lies is to offer a fair and simple deal and making fresh quality products accessible. As it is a medium sized business, the company has a very down-to-earth culture and it celebrates the family-friendly values. Franktons values are critical to its success and without these, it would struggle to stay competitive. These values are ingrained in the way it conducts business at each level. These values let its stakeholders (employees and customers) know what type of business they are dealing with and what can be expected from it. A major part of Franktons culture revolves around their belief of no one strives better for customers. It tries to understand its customers needs, and be the first one to meet them, plus act responsibly toward the community (Zhang, van Doorn Leeflang, 2014). The culture of the company is based on respect and trust. It believes that if consumers like what it provides, they will come back and purchase again. This I can say from my all shopping experiences as all my required products were available with them and which were not there they note it down and provided me on next purchase. If the employees feel what it does is rewarding, they are likely to go an additional mile to assist the consumers. By the embodiment of its values, Frankton creates a great place to work where great service is provided (Drucker, 2017). These values and culture are not just on papers. These are actually incorporated into the policies and processes of the organization. The people on the floor are always very energetic and enthusiastic about helping the customers. Corporate social responsibility is something which followed intently by the company in most of its process. Frankton trades responsibly which is reflected in its fair prices and great quality. Corporate responsibility is also visible in its ethical and responsible sourcing techniques. The company sources it produces only from farmers who use environmentally sound farming practices. It promotes healthy eating choices by selling fresh and conventional farm produce (Altinay, Saunders Wang, 2014). All this is not hearsay. I have personally experienced how fresh and high quality are the products at Frankton Fresh. Moreover, there is complete information available on every shelf about how they were produced and sourced. In addition to this, the store does not use plastic bags at all and the packaging of other materials is also bio-degradable. Undertaking this research helped me learn a great a deal about myself. I identified that I can work and deliver effectively under pressure. While doing this study, there were many instances in which I had to wait long for results, and this made me realize I actually have so much patience. My practical knowledge increased manifolds and so did my research skills. I learnt how much dedication is required to undertake a practical examination, the key role of observation in it, and then what it takes to pour everything on the paper efficiently. I had so much of information, but I learnt the process of screening only the relevant data and turning into my report. However, there were some areas where I could improve my skills. These include communication skills, interpersonal skills, and planning skills. I figured that I was not very confident when interacting with the store employees and other customers there. It was difficult for me to strike a conversation. As far as planning skills are c oncerned, I was not totally successful in looking ahead to achieve my goal and avoiding physical, financial and emotional hardships. I really need to work on these areas. For this purpose, I have set some developmental objectives: Improve my communication skills by joining some workshops where I would have to speak in front of different people and interact with them. Improve my strategic thinking and planning skills. Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded that a strong company culture can help a business differentiate itself from its rivals in the minds of its stakeholders. Frankton Fresh has been successful in embedding its values and culture into its processes which makes it successful. References Altinay, L., Saunders, M. N., Wang, C. L. (2014). The influence of culture on trust judgments in customer relationship development by ethnic minority small businesses.Journal of Small Business Management,52(1), 59-78. Drucker, P. F. (2017).The Theory of the Business (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Prowle, M., Kalar, M., Barrow, L. (2016). New development: Value for money (VFM) in public servicesthe importance of organizational culture.Public Money Management,36(7), 547-552. Zhang, S. S., van Doorn, J., Leeflang, P. S. (2014). Does the importance of value, brand and relationship equity for customer loyalty differ between Eastern and Western cultures?International Business Review,23(1), 284-292.

The Underwater World Essay Example For Students

The Underwater World Essay There you are, totally weightless, quietly soaring just above the sea floor with only the smallest amount of physical exertion. Small fish come out of their holes to look at you. How about that? You are the curiosity. You are the thing that does not belong. Perhaps this is why you dive. You are taking part in exploring mans last ecological frontier. The very thought would excite anyone whose blood still flows in his veins. The diver is the observer, he looks at everything he can. He totally forgets the outside world (Reseck 4). When I first read this piece, I got goosebumps. For years man has explored this vast universe, spending millions of dollars, and only making a tiny scratch on its surface. For me, to be able to explore a world completely different from mine sounds like an opportunity of a lifetime. When I had to choose a topic for my senior project, scuba diving was the most compelling of all. This paper is about the development and use, the techniques, and the physiological c oncerns of scuba diving. We will write a custom essay on The Underwater World specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Man underwater dates all the way back to the Iliad, but sports diving for fun and for a profession is fairly new. If one has ever been underwater, he should know that breathing is impossible. In the early 1940s, Jaques Yves-Cousteau, a Frenchman, developing something that is now a very important asset to scuba diving. It is known to us as a regulator. The regulator conserved air by releasing only the amount of air thediver needed to breathe. This increased the time the diver could stay down on one tank of air to about one hour if he were in shallow depths. Cousteaus regulator was simple and inexpensive and marked the beginning of the sport of scuba diving. The sport grew somewhat slowly through the late 40s and early 50s because, although the diver could now stay underwater for an extended period of time, in most parts of the world the water was so cold that he was forced to leave the water after a short time (Reseck 16). In the early 1950s, rubber suits were designed. They were used to keep the diver warm. These old dry suits were worn over long underwear and sweat suits or sweaters. The clothing acted as an insulator, and the rubber suit was used to simply keep the insulation dry. But when the easily punctured dry suits were torn, the insulation became wet, thus causing the insulation to be ineffective. But a new suit, called the wet suit was invented. The wet suit actually strapped a thin layer of water next to the divers body, which soon heated up to body temperature and acted as insulation. Nowadays, foam neoprene is used for all wet suits. When the demand for wet suits increased, manufacturers developed the standard small, medium, and large sizes. As the market continued to grow, the neoprene material was improved by making it softer and more flexible. A backing was also added on the neoprene to increase its durability and service. The market grew larger still, and ready made suits came in extra small, small, medium, medium large, large, and extra large sizes. Today, almost anyone can walk into a store and come out with a good suit that fits (Reseck 17). Scuba diving can be very dangerous and, if not approached safely, one must know the precautions and dangers before jumping into water to dive. There are several ways to dive underwater. One way is the Pike Surface dive. Start from a prone position on the surface. Sweep both arms back toward the hips at the same time and bend sharply at the hips so that the head and trunk point directly toward the bottom of the pool. With palms facing forward, bring the arms up forcibly, in line with the head, and lift both legsstraight and togetherout of the water so that they, too, form a straight line with the body. Let the weight of the legs force the body to submerge. Do not kick until the feet are below the surface, then either kick for greater depth or straighten out for an underwater swim (Counsilman and Drinkwater 29). Another dive is the Feet First dive. Tread water over the spot where the dive is to be made. Raise the body out of the water with a strong kick and a downward push with the hands and arms. Then straighten legs, point toes, and raise the arms overhead. The weight of the upper body and the arms will force the entire body under the surface. When the downward motion stops, bend at the hips and, with and underwater pike, either continue the dive headfirst or level off to swim (Counsilman and Drinkwater 29). The mask, the snorkel, and the fins are three of the most important tools in diving. Occasionally, water may seep into the mask, or the mask may become dislodged and flooded while the diver is under the surface. Sometimes a diver can simply surface when the mask becomes flooded, but it may be necessary to clear the mask before surfacing in order to have visibility during the ascent. Grasp the mask and pull it away from the face to allow the mask to flood. Roll the head to one side so that the face plate is turned to the surface. Hold the uppermost side of the mask firmly against the face, and exhale into the mask through the nose. The air trapped in the mask will fill the space and force the water out under the bottom edge. Some divers prefer to clear the mask by holding it firmly against the forehead and tilting the head back until they are looking up at the surface before blowing into it. Common errors are failing to tilt the mask toward the surface, pressing the top edge so tightl y against the face that the mask is pulled away from other parts of the face, and allowing air to escape under the top edge of the mask by failing to hold the mask firmly in place (Counsilman and Drinkwater 31-33). .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .postImageUrl , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:hover , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:visited , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:active { border:0!important; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:active , .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691 .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub34d1d7831000f186387cf81b7193691:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What I Believe - Life Lessons Learned as a Child EssayThe snorkel is a critical tool for breathing underwater. Most divers attach the snorkel to the mask strap so it cannot be easily lost underwater. First, slip the mouthpiece into the mouth and bite down on the rubber projections with teeth. The wide flange should fit between the teeth and lips. It is common for the snorkel, stand in shallow water, take a deep breath and submerge until the snorkel is completely filled. Straighten out until the back of the head is clear of the water but the face is still submerged. Next, make a quick hard blow to clear the water from the tube. Now you should have a clear snorkel (Counsilma n and Drinkwater 33). The fins are what make you move through the water in a faster and less rigorous fashion. Walking in fins on land should not be done because they are extremely awkward and could cause a fall. In shallow water, it is easier to walk backwards if you move slowly and slide the feet along the bottom. When the diver is equipped with fins, the hands are rarely used and held at the sides to help keep the body straight. When the fins are used, the most common kick is the flutter kick and is used on the surface and underwater. The legs are to stay relaxed. To get the full effect of the fins and to avoid necessary fatigue, kick at a slightly slower pace than usual. The toes should stay pointed, and the fins should be completely submerged (Counsilman and Drinkwater 33-34). When diving, the buddy system should always be used, and all equipment should be placed in reach from the dive site. A buddy is there to help you check your gear and, when underwater, to help you in case of an emergency. After you are in the water, put on the fins, mask, and snorkel, and, carrying a weight belt, walk slowly backward to the middle of a shallow area. Sit on the bottom with the weight belt across your thighs. When inhaling, the body should make a slow rise. If it does not rise, then the weight should be decreased. This makes the body neutrally buoyant. Always make sure the mouthpiece and mask are clear. Free ascent should also be learned in case of emergency and the diver must ascend without his gear. The ascent is made slowly, and a constant exhalation of air is required. If you hold your breath during an ascent after breathing compressed air, and air embolism can be caused. This is when air escapes the lungs and enters the bloodstream, causing bubbles to form in the v eins. These bubbles block the blood flow to the brain, causing death. Always exhale during a free ascent. The buddy breathing and ditch and recover methods are also important in diving. Buddy breathing is when you use your partners air during a dive if yours is not available. The mouthpiece is to be switched back and forth every two breaths. The ditch and recovery is when a diver ditches his gear, and recovers all of it in ten feet of water. These are all a few of the techniques used in scuba diving. In scuba diving, you can always learn something new. There are may techniques to learn and can always be improved (Counsilman and Drinkwater 34-39). In diving, there is always a chance you could be hurt. Safety is crucial, and there are quite a few physiological concerns in the sport. When descending in the water, Boyles law goes into effect immediately. As the water pressure surrounding the diver increases, the volumes of air both inside and outside the body of the body decrease in size. This pressure creates a compressing effect on the body that can result in injuries called Barotrauma. This can be avoided by equalization. The two major forms of Barotrauma on descent are internal and external squeeze. The sites of internal squeeze include the middle ear, the sinuses, and, occasionally, the teeth and intestines. As water pressure increases on descent, the air space in the middle ear is reduced, causing a vacuum, with the outside water forcing the flexible eardrum inward. If the internal air pressure is not equalized, the eardrum may become perforated. The sinus squeeze is when the sinuses are blocked. There are four sinuses that are filled with air and called the frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, and sphenoidal, and come in pairs. The sinuses must be equalized just like the middle-ear space. Due to head colds, allergies, sinusitis, or smog, the sinus may become blocked, thus causing a sinus squeeze (Griffths 71-76). .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .postImageUrl , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:hover , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:visited , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:active { border:0!important; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:active , .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07 .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u569907ae8a9ef06a868e45ceff759a07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Creation Vs Evolution EssayExternal squeezes are caused by the divers equipment, such as the mask or wetsuit. When an equipment squeeze occurs, body tissues are pulled out and away from divers, rather than pushed into them. The mask squeeze, which may be the most common external squeeze, is caused by the inability to equalize the air pressure between the mask and the face on the divers descent. To prevent a mask squeeze, the diver should exhale through the nose when suction is experienced on the face. A slow descent is also a way to help avoid this problem. A suit squeeze is another kind of squeeze to avoid. This is rare, but air pockets form between the suit and the skin and blood vessels on the surface of the skin could rupture. To prevent a suit squeeze, one must vent the suit of air and fill the former air pockets with water (Griffiths 76-78). The ascent is the same to the descent in relation to Boyles law, but in the ascent, the surrounding pressure decreases, causing air pockets to expand. The two most common types of ascent problems are lung overexpansion and decompression sickness. In lung overexpansion, when a diver breathing compressed air returns to the surface, air in the lungs will expand due to the decreasing water pressure. A diver must breath regularly on the ascent in order to allow this reexpanding air to vent itself normally. Breath holding, uncontrolled ascents, or airway blockage could cause the expanding air to rupture the air sacs in the lungs, allowing air bubbles to enter the body and resulting in tissue damage, blood circulation blockage, or both. Lung overexpansion can be avoided through self-control. Divers should be able to perform a controlled ascent at any time, with normal breathing or exhaling slowly along the way. Scuba divers must never hold their breath while ascending (Griffiths 78). Decompression sickness, aka: the bends, is one of the most feared diving maladies. With increasing depth, the partial pressure of nitrogen also increases. As the partial pressure of nitrogen elevates, it becomes more soluble in the tissues of the body. At the bottom, the diver with nitrogen dissolved in the tissues and bloodstream experiences no apparent problems. However, when ascending, significant pressure/volume change occur. If the rate of ascent is faster that the ability of the body to vent nitrogen through normal breathing, the nitrogen gas will expand and bubble-out of solution. To avoid the bends, diving well within the limits of the U.S. Navy no-decompression tables and following them is the only way (Griffiths 81-82). Hyperventilation, or shallow water blackout, has more potential to occur on skin dives rather that scuba dives, but may occur on both. Hyperventilation results when rapid, forced exhalations significantly lower the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, which may lead to unconsciousness. To treat hyperventilation, the airway should be opened by hyperextending the neck, mouth-to-mouth respiration may not be necessary if the carbon dioxide level build up and triggers the breathing mechanisms, which often happens (Griffiths 85). In conclusion, scuba diving is not a simple sport. There are many complexities that go along with it. In time, it has come along from being a difficult sport that is only allowed for a selective few, to a sport that almost anyone can participate in. The improvement in its technology makes it much easier for others to learn. Also, more research has been done on it, and now there is almost nothing more to research about it. It is a very complex to pic due to the scientific side of it. There are many scientific laws and there are many restrictions related to it. The only drawback of learning how to scuba dive is the cost. But if you are willing to spend about $450 and want to learn a lot more about scuba diving than the underwater portion, then by all meansgo ahead. After all, it is a completely different world down there. Bibliography:BibliographyCounsilman and Drinkwater. Beginning Skin and Scuba Diving. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc. 1964. Griffiths, Tom. Sport Scuba Diving in Depth. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Book Co., Publishing. 1985. NAUIAdventures In Scuba Diving. St. Louis, MO: MosbyYear Book, Inc. 1995. Nonnelly, Doug. Personal Interview. 1 Nov. 1998. Reseck, John. ScubaSafe and Simple. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1975.

Ten Common Myths Regarding Teachers

Ten Common Myths Regarding Teachers Teaching is one of the most misunderstood professions. Many people do not understand the dedication and hard work that it takes to be a good teacher. The truth is that it is often a thankless profession. A significant portion of the parents and students that we work with on a regular basis do not respect or appreciate what we are trying to do for them. Teachers deserve to be respected more, but there is a stigma associated with the profession that will not go away any time soon. The following myths drive this stigma making this job even more difficult than it already is. Myth #1 – Teachers work from 8:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. The fact that people believe that teachers only work Monday-Friday from 8-3 is laughable. Most teachers arrive early, stay late, and often spend a few hours on the weekend working in their classrooms. Throughout the school year, they also sacrifice time at home for activities such as grading papers and preparing for the next day. They are always on the job. A recent article published by BBC news in England highlighted a survey asking their teachers how many hours they spend on the job. This survey compares favorably to the amount of time teachers in the United States spend working each week. The survey evaluated the time spent in the classroom and the time spent working at home. According to the survey, teachers worked between 55-63 hours per week depending on the level that they teach. Myth #2 – Teachers have the entire summer off work. Yearly teaching contracts typically range from 175-190 days depending on the number of professional development days required by the state. Teachers generally receive about 2 ½ months for summer vacation. This does not mean they are not working. Most teachers will attend at least one professional development workshop during the summer, and many attend more. They utilize the summer to plan for the next year, read up on the latest educational literature, and pour through new curriculum that they will be teaching when the New Year begins. Most teachers also start showing up weeks in advance of the required reporting time to start preparing for the new year. They may be away from their students, but much of the summer is dedicated to improving in the next year. Myth #3 – Teachers complain too often about their pay. Teachers feel underpaid because they are. According to the National Education Association, the average teacher salary in 2012-2013, in the United States, was $36,141. According to Forbes Magazine, 2013 graduates earning a bachelor’s degree would make an average of $45,000. Teachers with all ranges of experience make $9000 less a year on average than those beginning their career in another field. Many teachers have been forced to find part-time jobs in the evenings, on the weekends, and throughout the summer to supplement their income. Many states have beginning teacher salaries below the poverty level forcing those who have mouths to feed to get government assistance to survive. Myth #4 – Teachers want to eliminate standardized testing. Most teachers do not have an issue with standardized testing itself. Students have been taking standardized tests every year for several decades. Teachers have utilized testing data to drive classroom and individual instruction for years. Teachers appreciate having the data and apply it to their classroom. The high stakes testing era has changed a lot of the perception of standardized testing. Teacher evaluations, high school graduation, and student retention are just a few of the things that are now tied to these tests. Teachers have been forced to sacrifice creativity and to ignore teachable moments to ensure that they cover everything their students will see on these tests. They waste weeks and sometimes months of class time doing comprehension test prep activities to prepare their students. Teachers are not afraid of standardized testing itself, they are afraid of how the results are now used. Myth #5 – Teachers are opposed to the Common Core State Standards. Standards have been around for years. They will always exist in some form. They are blueprints for teachers based on grade level and subject matter. Teachers value standards because it gives them a central path to follow as they move from point A to point B. The Common Core State Standards are no different. They are another blueprint for teachers to follow. There are some subtle changes that many teachers would like to make, but they truly are not much different than what most states have been using for years. So what are teachers opposed to? They are opposed to the testing tied the Common Core. They already loathe the overemphasis on standardized testing and believe the Common Core will increase that emphasis even more. Myth #6 – Teachers only teach, because they cannot do anything else. Teachers are some of the smartest people I know. It is frustrating that there are people in the world that actually believe that teaching is an easy profession full of people that are incapable of doing anything else. Most become teachers because they love working with young people and want to make an impact. It takes an exceptional person and those who consider it glorified â€Å"babysitting† would be shocked if they shadowed a teacher for a few days. Many teachers could pursue other career paths with less stress and more money, but choose to stay in the profession because they want to be a difference maker. Myth #7 – Teachers are out to get my child. Most teachers are there because they genuinely care for their students. For the most part, they are not out to get a child. They have a certain set of rules and expectations that every student is expected to follow. The chances are decent that the child is the issue if you think the teacher is out to get them. No teacher is perfect. There may be times that we come down too hard on a student. This often results out of frustration when a student refuses to respect the rules of the classroom. However, this does not mean we are out to get them. It means that we care enough about them to correct the behavior before it becomes uncorrectable. Myth #8 – Teachers are responsible for my child’s education. Parents are any child’s greatest teacher. Teachers only spend a few hours each day over the course of a year with a child, but parents spend a lifetime. In reality, it takes a partnership between parents and teachers to maximize a student’s learning potential. Neither parents nor teachers can do it alone. Teachers want a healthy partnership with parents. They understand the value that parents bring. They are frustrated by parents who believe they have little to no role in their child’s education other than making them go to school. Parents should understand that they are limiting their child’s education when they do not get involved. Myth #9 – Teachers are continuously opposed to change. Most teachers embrace change when it is for the better. Education is a continuously changing field. Trends, technology, and new research are continuously evolving and teachers do a decent job of keeping up with those changes. What they fight against is bureaucratic policy that forces them to do more with less. In recent years, class sizes have increased, and school funding has decreased, but teachers are expected to produce greater results than at any time. Teachers want more than the status quo, but they want to be properly equipped to fight their battles successfully. Myth #10 – Teachers are not like real people. Students get used to seeing their teachers in â€Å"teacher mode† day in and day out. It is hard sometimes to think of them as real people who have lives outside of school. Teachers are often held to a higher moral standard. We are expected to behave a certain way at all times. However, we are very much real people. We have families. We have hobbies and interests. We have lives outside of school. We make mistakes. We laugh and tell jokes. We like to do the same things everyone else likes to do. We are teachers, but we are people too.

Career Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Career Management - Essay Example According to Kossek & Roberts, self-set managing activities mainly includes acquiring knowledge about one's personality, set of connections and appreciation on successfully completion of the assignments in the course of career development within an institution. (ELLEN ERNST KOSSEK, KAREN ROBERTS, 1998) On the other hand, "organizational career management" expresses the course of action adapted by the organizations to manage the careers of its workers. As per the theories of Stump, the Organizational career management is "actions and prospects that organizations support to help guarantee they will congregate or surpass their expected human resource necessities." (ELLEN ERNST KOSSEK, KAREN ROBERTS, 1998) Stumpf also reveals in his theory that the career corridors, worker education & development, employment postings, vocation therapies, outplacement psychotherapies and mentoring are merely few measures that are usually implemented in organizational career management agendas. (STUMPF, S.A., 1988) Loads of scholars have cited the work of Arnold (1997) who in his theories had explained career management as an endeavor to influence the career development of others. ... (ARNOLD, John, 1997) There has been occurrence of elementary shifts in the management of careers however, while previously careers were managed by the organizations by way of conventional and secure progress upwards on organizationally-defined ladders on the other hand the present-day arrangement of career management focuses on attaining knowledge and proficiencies as an alternative of making headway through a preset sequence of positions. (THITE, Mohan, 2001) Acquirement of novel acquaintance and talents increase the chances of "employability," i.e. the capability for the member of staff to achieve and sustain employment, facilitating the worker to budge around what Thite had referred to as a "jungle gym" of designations. (CLARKE, Marilyn, 2007) This novel conceptual framework of career management constitutes diverse meaning for mutually, the individual and the organization, getting forward to a dual way approach towards "career management, individual career management and organizational career manageme nt." (BARUCH, Y., 2006) This paper hereby evaluates the significance of career Management as an essential component of Human Resource activities from the joint perception of the organization as well as individual employees. This paper also highlights the obstructions that are usually encountered by HR professionals in implementing the career management program in an organization in addition with the measures that could be implemented to evade these barricades. This paper provides brief opinions of a number of researchers and authors on the topic. 2. Significance of Career Management The incorporation of the career management practice in HRM permits the shifting from a scheme of administration

Jocelyn Moorhouses How to Make an American Quilt Essay

Jocelyn Moorhouses How to Make an American Quilt - Essay Example However, when she asks Marianna who the latter would marry, Marianna shows her vulnerable side by saying â€Å"I would marry my soul mate† (American Quilt, 1995). Thereby she reveals the incident she has kept with her from her youth: she met a man by chance, and ended up spending the evening with him, only to find out later, after discovering her inner connection with him, that he was married. Marianna has always been brave; she has chosen whichever path her instincts have told her to follow. Perhaps this is why her character is the most colorful out of all the rest, and why she seems to be the most brilliant amongst the members of the quilting bee. Since she has chosen the â€Å"right colors† in the words of Anna (American Quilt, 1995), her life was much enhanced by it. In life, whatever choices we make have a consequence on our personality. A wrong choice does, like Anna says, â€Å"dull the colors and hide the original beauty† (American Quilt, 1995). This message, I would say, resonates in my life. I have always gone by instinct; that is to say, I have always trusted my instincts, without knowing why, and have made choices based on it. One of the reasons I can identify with the character of Marianna in the movie is that, like her, I too follow my hearts desires. This practice has, indeed, enriched my life. I have always been, and still am, my own person. Sometimes this entails going against the grain, however, in the long run, I have noticed, that it always pays to be true to oneself. One has to be brave to stand up to the opposition of one’s peers or your parents, but if one remains true to oneself, I feel one’s life is all the more enriched for that very reason. Just like Marianna in the movie, I can easily say that I have had no regrets in life, because I have always stayed true to myself.

People resourcing(HR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

People resourcing(HR) - Essay Example They are men and women who lead by example, team work, communication skills, and dedication. In the modern times, it is not enough to be highly skilful. One has to be adaptable to adjust with changes in technology and environment. The need for development of a strategic approach is correlative to the 'best fit, best practice' concept in management of human resource. Best fit is not simply use of the best man or woman for a particular job slot. It goes beyond to achieve the winning situation by harnessing the talents and skills of one employee for the purpose of achieving a specific target or goal. People sourcing align with the company's strategy and strategic human resource management has a stake in the company's performance and results. (Sandeep Krishnan and Manjari Singh). The importance of this approach is gaining ground as traditional management techniques based on 'one system fits all' approach is rapidly losing out in view of the frustration felt by both the management as well as the employees to fit into an outdated system which is no more suited for either. Instead, today the preference is for capability with communication skills. For instance, the capability of a particular employee may not be of very high order, but if his communication skills are noteworthy he may be the ideal choice to carry out a job, a project, or even a whole enterprise. ThModern day technology is designed to bring out the best even in the most mediocre individual provided he or she abides by the simple instructions codified as commands. The tremendous growth of information and communication technologies has exposed the new generation today to a system run efficiently with the help of sleek computers, printers, scanners and other gadgets which has left the system of the previous generation overwhelmed and on the throes of extinction. The system which was in vogue just a decade ago has been outpaced in terms of efficacy and communication methodologies. The present office scenario in most establishments, even in third world countries, presents an atmosphere of youthful exuberance blending with computer aided data systems in place. Handling men enjoins a host of activities and concepts. It has to do with operating, planning, control, research and development, and decision making. Indeed, the present age's requirement for 'best fit, best practice' approach is necessary in the highly competitive nature of doing work today. Even with

An Analysis Of Microfinance And Poverty Economics Essay

An Analysis Of Microfinance And Poverty Economics Essay This is not charity. This is business: business with a social objective, which is to help people get out of poverty Dr Muhammad Yunus (www.environmentalquoteshomepage.com) Jonathan Morduch, Chairman of UN Expert Group on Poverty Statistics quoted that Microfinance stands as one of the most promising and cost-effective tools in the fight against global poverty. Economic growth of the economically, socially and geographically disadvantaged segments of the population of any country requires access to financial services. The disparity between the rich and the poor continues to grow wider and therefore microfinance institutions were introduced to help the less unfortunate people who did not have enough money for survival. It is usually in the narrow sense called micro because the microfinance companies deal with small amounts of loans for e.g. small savings and small loans. These loans are given to unsalaried borrowers, taking very little or no collateral at all. In a broader sense, microfinance refers to a movement where there is an easy access to financial services for the low income clients to build assets, stabilize consumption and protection against fu ture risks. Microfinance clients are usually people who fall under the poverty line and do not have any access to any financial institution for them to borrow from. The poor people usually save in the informal ways for e.g. They invest their assets in gold, domestic animals, land etc however informal saving has serious limitations. The poor are more likely to lose out on money through mismanagement or fraud. Banks do not entertain the poor people because they do not have collateral or enough money to open a savings account therefore it is not feasible for a poor person to access the banks. There are several microfinance institutions in the world mainly in the developing countries. The leading countries are Bangladesh, India, Colombia, Mexico, and Morocco. Micro financing has it roots from the 1870s in Ireland nevertheless today the history of microfinancing hails from the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. Professor Mohammed Yunus along with his graduate students of Chittagong University designed an experimental credit programme to serve the poor facing banking problems. Through the help of rural banks they were able to disburse and recover loans. Although this project was a huge success the banks refused to take over it considering it to be too risky and expensive. Ultimately through support of benefactors, the Grameen Bank (Grameen meaning rural or village) was founded in 1983 and now provides loans to more than 4 million borrowers. They underlying objectives of the Grameen Bank was to eliminate the exploitation by landlords, perk up the standard of living particularly for women and to reverse the old age vicious cycle of low income meant low savings resulting in low investment. They wanted to inject credit into the cycle thereby increasing the investment size. Microfinance was not considered to hand out rather they introduced improved repayment rates. They focused on the ceiling in the interest rate and credit subsidies that retarded the expansion of the financial services. The poor people were shown that the repayment rates were better than the formal financial services were offering to them. The two features which helped Microfinance institutions to attain sustainability and reach large numbers of clients were the high repayment and the cost-recovery interest rates. Additionally to a bank account, there are other financial services like insurance, credit savings and other payment facilities. Financial inclusion represents the easy access of financial services to the poor and low-income groups. One of the crucial functions of the financial system is to allocate the resources effectively for increase in production, increasing opportunities and reducing poverty. (microfinance). Over 40 % of the Indian population has income earning but no savings since they are excluded from the financial system. It has been almost 25 years since the birth of microfinance since its introduction by the Grameen bank. The UN Year of Microcredit in 2005 showed a turning point for Microfinance as the private sector began to take a more stern attention to what has been well thought-out as the field of NGOs. Even with all this enthusiasm about poverty alleviation and contribution of financial services the Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP) estimates that about only 5% reaches the poor clients (repository). India is a home growing and innovative sector to microfinance. India is likely to make microfinance its abode as it has a huge population of the worlds poor. One of the largest microfinance institutions is Self Employed Womens Association (SEWA) in India. It is the largest organization based in Asia to members who are poor, self-employed women workers earning less than US$1 per day. SEWA corresponds to a union of three movements the labor movement, cooperative movement and the womens movement SEWA builds the capacity of poor illiterate women to manage their own micro-enterprises. The staff is recruited and promoted from its own member groups, thus it has been able to develop managers who although illiterate, become professionals through practical experience. SEWAs combined approach to poverty alleviation comprises: (a) organizing for collective strength; (b) capital formation through access to financial services; (c) capacity building and (d) social security; to enhance womens productivity and to ensure that sudden crises are not a drain on their fragile economies. In 1972, SEWA was registered as a trade union that began in Gujarat in India. Though it started in the urban region of Ahmadabad yet their main focus group was the organization of poor yet self- employed women workers especially in the rural part of the region. SEWA has also spread its branches out in the national and international level. These women are the ones who earn their daily income through various small scale businesses or by working in agricultural lands and making handmade materials including hawkers, home-based workers and manual laborers. They do not acquire any regular salary like the people employed in the urban organized sector. They are the unprotected labour force of our country. Comprising of 93% of the labour force, women constitute about 94% from the unorganized sector. (www.sewa.org). This microfinance institution is registered under the Trade Unions Act of 1926 and is open for membership to all women all over India. In order to start organizing the finances, th e organization has introduced a membership fee of Rs 5 annually. An election is held for the representation of the organization. The union consists of a two tier level representation elected by the members. One representative member governs 100 members under ones group.  The union is governed by a two-tier level of elected representation. With globalization, liberalization and other economic changes, there are both new opportunities as well as threats to some traditional areas of employment. SEWAs first main goal is full employment ensuring work security, income security, and food security. The second is social security and self-reliance. At SEWA the main objective is meant to attain full employment and self reliance through the policy of hard work and growth. By full employment means employment whereby workers obtain security in matters of basic amenities such as work and social needs including food, health, shelter etc. There is a need for great effort against many obstacles, limitations and restrictions faced by them or enforced on them by society and the economy, These development activities done by microfinance institutions reinforce womens bargaining power and offer them new options. SEWA is not only an organization but also a movement that took place to bring up the downtrodden and the poor. In India, this larg ely self-employed segment forms roughly 90% of the whole economy. A collection of women consequently founded the SEWA bank as a co-operative to empower deprived self-employed women by making available for them financial services and access to credit to lessen their reliance on manipulative money-lenders (www.gdrc.com). About one billion people globally live in households below the poverty line earning about less than a dollar a day. Policy makers and NGOs who want to change the poor peoples lives face an uphill battle every day. There have been reports where major organizations like World Development Bank and other associations have extended a helping hand by granting the developing countries with financial aid however due to the bureaucratic behavior and corruption this aid has not reached the low level of the income strata. The grants given by the governments make matters worse by increasing the dependency of the poor and acts as a disincentive to the poor as they choose not to move ahead and develop. The microfinance institutions around the world continue to help the downtrodden by increasing their capacity to invest and improve their living standards. As James Wolfensohn, the president of the World Bank has been quick to point out that helping 100 million households means that as many as 500-60 0 million poor people could benefit. (Jstor) .Poverty alleviation is one of the most sought out strategies that every country encloses in its priority list however since decades this has failed due to loans not being repaid, cost of subsidies increasing tremendously and credit reaching the politically powerful rather than the underserved. The purpose of Microfinance institutions in India is to extend financial help to its client and to maintain financial sustainability. The microfinance chooses the groups for their financial transactions. These groups may be Self-Help groups. The group takes responsibility for the financial borrowings taken by the members. Even though a few institutions may require capital, the loan repayment method has become quite popular amongst microfinance organizations. Although these high repayment rates may seldom translate into profits. The institutions try and involve the governments as well and keep an eye on the incentives that chase off efficiency in peoples performance. Microfinance depends on pouring of finances from donors however the donors are against the continuous dependence on subsidies. The donors believe that subsidies should only be provided at the start of a project to cover up starting costs. (Murdoch) Self employed women workers and are quite active in the economic sense and therefore add to the expansion of the economy. They are primarily engaged in production, trade and the service sector as a whole. However, in spite of their uphill struggle and their input to the countrys overall gross domestic product, they have are not provided with any financial services, which could help them upgrade in their own labor and output. (www.sewa.org) These self-employed women cope with two major financial problems: shortage of working capital, and Non-ownership of assets. The banking sector was not responsive to the needs of these self- employed women and the money lenders were very exploitive in nature. Thus, sequentially to tackle this problem and liberate themselves from the cruel phase of eternal debt, the SEWA members came together with their own solution, in a meeting in December 1973: a bank of their own, where they could be privileged enough to be accepted and not to be made feel inferi or by the exploitative money lenders and indeed 4,000 women contributed share capital of Rs.10/- each towards the creation of the  Mahila SEWA Co-operative Bank (www.sewabank.org). In the year 1974 in May, the SEWA Bank was registered as a co-operative bank under the dual control of The Reserve Bank of India and The State Government. Since then it has been providing banking services to poor, illiterate self-employed women and has become a viable financial venture. (www.sewabank.org) SEWA started its own bank to provide women with access to microloans. Swashrayi Mahila Sewa Sahakari Bank is SEWA members largest cooperative, unheard of in India. The bank is in possession of the self-employed women as share holders; policies are devised by their own particular Board of elected women workers. The Bank is managed professionally by qualified managers liable to the Board. In 1974, SEWA Bank was established with 4000 members each contributing shares capital of Rs .10 each. Currently there are 93,000 active depositors. SEWA Bank in the year 1999, celebrated 25 years of granting financial services to the poor, self-employed women. Constantly in debt, our members initially brought up the matter of their need for credit so as to free themselves from the control of money-lenders and traders, to augment their businesses, build up assets in their own name, for childrens education, for the several crises including illness that they might occur and for many other purposes. (www. sewa.org). SEWA has been successfully lending money to women for various needs such as running a household or for their childrens education or weddings etc. Since women are achieving the two goals of the SEWA association they are ought to receive the support services such as health care, child care, insurance claim, legal help, communication services and capacity building. These services could be used for self-employment. Also women are ready to pay for these services which made the services financially viable. They dont have to depend on grants and subsidies for the use of these services. Some supportive services such as child and health care including savings and credit have formed their own co-operatives and have also gained operational self- sufficiency. Access to finance is a major problem for economically deprived women and in particular for poor self-employed women in countries that are developing such as hawkers, street vendors, home-makers, manual laborers and service contributors. As they do not save, disasters and compulsions time and again compel women to scrounge heavily. However, they do not posses the necessary experience and confidence to acquire credit from a financial institution in the recognized sector and the formal sector does not lend to the self employed women easily, therefore, one depends heavily on informal money-lenders, who charge exorbitant interest rates: This is usually the start of a negative skew of increasing indebtedness. SEWA Bank as a cooperative bank with the precise aim to provide credit to self-employed women with the vision to empower them and reduce their dependency on loan sharks. Initially, the SEWA Bank focused on drawing deposits from self-employed women and supplied it as an intermediary to facilitate depositors to procure loans from nationalized banks which are obliged to lend to the poor. In 1976, the SEWA Bank began to offer loans to its depositors from its own funds and steadily withdrew from the credit agreement with th e nationalized banks. The bank employs a woman who saves as a organizer between other women to encourage them to save in the bank as well. The organizer usually visits the women easy accessibility to the depositing of the savings by them. If a loan is required by a woman requires a loan, a member has to accompany her in order for that loan to be sanctioned. The bank scrutinizes the application process, carefully reviewing the applicants ability to generate income, standard of living, soundness of working conditions and capability to repay. Majority of the loans are unsecured; the process of approval takes about one week. If collateral is offered then the approval day is shortened and the loan could be granted the same day. Once the loan has been approved, the borrower is obligated to buy 5 % of the loan amount in bank shares and to open a savings account if she does not have one yet. Women are encouraged to register their savings account and their assets (such as working tools, house or land) in their own name (www. Gdrc.org). SEWA bank has also introduced various other schemes such as Crisis Mitigation Scheme, House Financing Scheme, Women Farmers Credit Scheme, and Sunrise Scheme for developing women businesses. Self-employed women need loans for an ample range of reasons; to obtain assets, raw materials, finished goods for resale, and trade-in old debts, improve their homes, buy transportation means or install amenities in their house, for instance electric and water connections. The bank gives long- term loans, i.e. 3-5 years, of no more than Rs. 50,000 which is an unsecured loan at the rate of 14.5%- 17% and the method used for this lending is the Diminishing Balance Method (This method is also applies a fixed percentage but it applies to the diminishing value of the asset and not to the initial value of the asset) (www .howto.co.uk). Each loan is sanctioned with a pre check of the house visit by a SEWA bank field worker. SEWA Bank has been supplying a wide variety of loan products to meet the product ive credit requirement of its clients. SEWA Bank necessitate a woman save regularly for at least one year, before she is eligible to apply for a loan. If there is an absence of traditional collateral, like jewellery or domestic animals a regular savings habit is considered a necessary form of security, in SEWA Banks experience of banking with the poor for over 25 years. SEWA Bank lays great emphasis on savings. All the self-employed women required a safe place to save their earnings and building up a credit loan from member savings was a very cost-effective method. SEWA bank introduced Indias first Micro-Pension Scheme. In April of 2006, SEWA members were approved to bond with a SEBI approved pension plan that presents no assured returns but permits up to 40 % collection to be invested in the Indian stock market. A number of countries were providing general insurance in India. Life insurance was nationalized and the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) became the only authorize d insurance life insurer. In 1992 SEWA started an integrated insurance programme for its members. It was started with the objective of providing a support to poor women in times of calamities. It is a collaborative effort of SEWA, SEWA Bank and the nationalized insurance companies. Currently, SEWA has its own insurance unit called VimoSEWA which insures women for life, health, assets, widowhood and accidents in Gujarat. Starting with 7,000 members, it has now reached more than 70,000 women in 11 districts of Gujarat state. The total number of insureds, women and men, is 90,000 (www.sewabank.org) Why do MFIs target women? Microfinance is a womens movement but there is a logic that MFIs tend to target women for the practical reason that they are willing to attend group meetings and to comply with savings and loan terms. They may also believe that women are more conscientious in using finance for the benefit of the family. Men, by comparison, prefer larger, individual transactions. Lending to women guarantees the microfinance that the money is well spent on education, health, housing, and nutrition, making sure that they maximum money is directed toward the benefit of the family and the community. Financial independence and security gains a woman respect in the society and she is looked up to by other people. Decisions to make own choices could help the family from the clutches of poverty and social exclusion. The SEWA Bank has broken the vicious circle of indebtedness and dependence on middlemen and traders, and this has increased the bargaining power of the women. Many of them have upgraded their skil ls, developed more business and increased their income. (www. The World Bank Global Learning Conference in Shanghai in 2004 confirmed the impact of microfinance: Studies have showed that microcredit programs positively affect a womans decision-making role, her marital stability, and her control over resources and mobility. The analysis establishes that a womans contributing to her households income is a significant factor towards her empowerment (tars) The world has failed to understand is that the poor are not victims of a system that failed or passive receivers of domestic and foreign aid. The poor have had the willpower and organization to take action to the problems that affect their lives. As long as affluent nations give out free donations and help to poor countries, the people themselves will never be empowered to break free from oppressive conditions of poverty. The poor, if given the opportunity for economic advancement, can and will prove to the world that they are capable and responsible citizens. There are five major criticisms of microfinance: it is does not reach the chronically poor of the population, it is not financially sustainable for institutions, it is potentially harmful to women (domestic abuse may result from husbands jealous of their wives new financial power), it can create a large debt for the poor, and it is not universal in application. Though these criticisms are valid, there is ample evidence to show that the benefits of microfinance outweigh the costs. There are various examples to show that microfinance can lead to an income increase, better opportunities for growth of the family as a whole, better education and employment. Microfinance also leads to empowerment of women especially in developing countries and alleviation of poverty. Microfinance could be the answer to secure success for the Millennium goals.

Pablo Picasso :: essays research papers

Pablo Diego Jose Santiago Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Crispin Cripiano de los Remedios Cipriano de Santisima Trinidad Ruiz Blasco y Picasso Lopez, or more commonly known as Pablo Picasso, the twenteith century's most famous artist. He created more than twenty thousand paintings. Of his most famous artworks are " Guernica", Les Demoiselles d' Avignon", and his many, many cubist style paintings that he created. At the age of twenty, he began to sign his paintings with just his mother's maiden name of Picasso. In the fall of 1901 he begins the Blue Period until he begins painting with more red colors in 1904 which is the start of the Rose Period. In the winter of 1908 he and Georges Braque become close friends and his work with analytical cubism turns into synthetic cubism. Picasso also began, as a section of cubism, to add bits of string and other materials to his work. By doing so, he was the inventor of the modern day collage. He also made his first important sale of art to Ambroise Vollard, who he also painted a portrait of in a cubism style. In 1906 he began to paint in the style of cubism that changed the entire form of modern art. He was merely 26 years old at the time. Pablo Picasso was born on the twenty-fifth of May, in October of 1881. He was born and raised in Malaga, Spain. He also had two sisters, Lola and Conchita. Conchita died when she was eight. His father was also an artist, and as Pablo grew up, he saw a prodigious amount of talent in Pablo. Not soon after, he began teaching Pablo all he knew about art and painting. At the age of ten, his family moved to northern Spain and he took an entrance examination for the Instituto de Guarda. He is one of the very few to have finished within 1 day, further proving his abilities. He studied at the Institute for 2 years before his family moved to Barcelona. There, he took classes at La Lonja and The Barcelona Academy of Art. After that he went to the Royal Academy in Madrid, but only finished one year of study there. As his life progressed he moved to Paris, France, where many of the most renowned artists, authors and sculptors lived. During his life Picasso held many mistresses. He married two of them and had four separate children